Since the end of World War II, the U.S. dollar has held the position of the world’s primary reserve currency, firmly tied to the international financial system under the rules of the Bretton Woods Agreement...

The first week of September 2025 saw a series of important diplomatic events in China. China hosted the 25th meeting of Council of Heads of State of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) in northern Chinese city of Tianjin on September 01, 2025. Following the Council of Heads of States,

On the 9th of October, the Guardian Newspaper reported that the head of UK Muslim charity Shaista Gohir, was‘deeply worried’ as anti-Muslim hate crimes were up by a fifth according to the latest government figures.

Many intellectuals have exaggerated in their comparison of the theory of social contract of Jean-Jacques Rousseau and other European Enlightenment philosophers to the bay’ah (pledge of allegiance) established by Islam. The theory of social contract of Rousseau and others does not address how the ruler assumes power, although they address this issue in some of their theories.